(a) The Pd4d valence states are fitted using two peaks due to

pd4dThe Pd4d bands extend from 1 to 8 eV in binding energy and the Au 5d bands from 1 to 10 eV below the Fermi level. When the ratio AuPd is 3 to 1 up to 1.5 to 1, the band isPD4D is used for endodontics, to remove calcification in the coronal third of the root canal, diamond coated. PD1 is used for Periodontics, periodontal scaling.